Name examples of Layer 2 and Layer 3 networking devices.

• A. Layer 2: Switch, Bridge; Layer 3: Router, Layer 3 Switch
• B. Layer 2: Router; Layer 3: Switch
• C. Layer 2: Hub; Layer 3: Firewall
• D. Layer 2: Access Point; Layer 3: Modem

Answer: (A)

Layer 2 devices move data based on MAC addresses, while Layer 3 devices route data using IP addresses. A switch or a bridge makes forwarding decisions at Layer 2 by inspecting MAC addresses, keeping traffic within the same local network. A router operates at Layer 3, routing packets between different networks using IP addresses. A Layer 3 switch combines both capabilities, performing fast switching at Layer 2 and routing at Layer 3 when needed.

So the grouping shown is Layer 2 devices: switch and bridge; Layer 3 devices: router and Layer 3 switch. The other options mix devices that don’t fit strictly by layer: hubs are Layer 1, access points are typically Layer 2 (with wireless bridging), modems are primarily physical-layer connections, and firewalls can operate across multiple layers rather than fitting neatly into Layer 3 alone.